Explain the following concepts in short: Surrogacy, In Vitro Fertilization (IVF), Sperm Bank.

Childless couples can have a child with the help of advance medical techniques like surrogacy, sperm bank and IVF.

Surrogacy

1. Women having problems with implantation of the embryo in the uterus can have achild with the help of surrogacy technique.
2. In this technique, oocyte is collected from the concerned woman and fertilized in a testtube with the help of sperms collected from her husband.
3. Embryo formed from fertilization is implanted in another woman (surrogate mother), having a normal uterus.

In vitro fertilization

1. IVF is a technique in which fertilization is brought about in the test tube. Sperm is injected into the ovum using a micropipette.
2. The embryo formed after fertilization is implanted in the uterus of a woman at the appropriate time.
3. Childless couples, who have problems like less sperm count, obstacles in oviduct, etc.,can use IVF technique for having a child.

Sperm Bank

1. In sperm banks, semen is collected from the sperm donors after their physical andmedical checkup and stored.
2. Semen sample from the sperm bank is used to fertilize the oocyte of the female partnerof the concerned couple.
3. The resultant embryo is implanted in the uterus of the same woman. Couples, in which males have problems in sperm production, can have a child with the help of this technique.